RESUMO
Neurodegeneration is an increasing problem of aging. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) are the most frequent forms of age-related neurodegeneration. Infectious diseases, in general, confer a risk of AD. Influenza and pneumonia vaccinations reduce risk of AD. Being vaccinated against pneumonia between ages 65-75 is associated with a reduction in the risk of AD afterwards. Protection against bacterial and viral infection is beneficial to the brain since these infections may activate dormant herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes zoster virus (HZV). HSV-1 and HZV may interact to trigger AD. Shingles (HZV) vaccine Zostavax reduces risk of AD and PD. This finding is consistent with the link between viruses and neurodegeneration. Herpes virus-induced reactivation of embryologic pathways silenced at birth could be one of the pathologic processes in AD and PD. Once embryologic reactivation has occurred in the brain of an older person and AD or PD develops, this complex process relentlessly destroys the protective mechanism it created in utero. Unanswered question: Are the AD-risk-reducing effects of flu, pneumonia, and shingles vaccinations cumulative?
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Herpes Simples , Vacina contra Herpes Zoster , Herpes Zoster , Herpesvirus Humano 1 , Doença de Parkinson , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Idoso , Vacina contra Herpes Zoster/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/prevenção & controle , Doença de Parkinson/prevenção & controle , Doença de Parkinson/complicações , Herpes Zoster/epidemiologia , Herpes Zoster/prevenção & controle , Herpes Zoster/complicações , Herpes Simples/complicações , Herpesvirus Humano 3 , Herpesvirus Humano 1/metabolismo , VacinaçãoRESUMO
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Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Vacina contra Herpes Zoster/administração & dosagem , Vacina contra Herpes Zoster/metabolismo , Vacina contra Herpes Zoster/uso terapêutico , Herpes Zoster/diagnóstico , Herpes Zoster/etiologia , Herpes Zoster/transmissão , Viremia/imunologia , Viremia/patologia , Neuralgia Pós-Herpética , Testes Sorológicos/instrumentação , Testes Sorológicos/métodos , Testes Sorológicos , EspanhaRESUMO
An effective and safe live attenuated vaccine against varicella zoster virus was developed in Japan in the 1970s and has been in widespread use since the mid-1990s. In the United States, universal vaccination has brought about striking reductions in varicella incidence together with associated hospitalizations and mortality. However, it is clear that varicella will continue to occur even in highly immunized populations, owing to the ability of VZV to reactivate as zoster. In addressing this challenge, attention is currently focused on efforts to minimize the proportion of susceptible individuals by administering a second dose of vaccine to children. The potential of the newly licensed zoster vaccine to reduce viral circulation still further has yet to be evaluated.
